Concussion Awareness & Management
Concussions demand immediate attention and a structured recovery path to protect long-term brain health. Recognizing warning signs, following a graduated return-to-play protocol, and adopting year-round strategies ensure athletes rebound safely and sustainably.
Why Concussion Awareness Matters
- Protects cognitive function and academic performance
- Reduces risk of second-impact syndrome and prolonged symptoms
- Supports emotional well-being by addressing mood and sleep changes
- Ensures safe progression back into full training and competition
Recognizing Symptoms
| Symptom Category | Common Signs |
|---|---|
| Physical | Headache, dizziness, nausea, blurred vision |
| Cognitive | Confusion, memory gaps, “foggy” thinking |
| Emotional/Behavior | Irritability, sadness, heightened anxiety |
| Sleep | Insomnia, sleeping more or less than usual |
Always err on the side of caution—any new onset after a blow to the head warrants evaluation.
Immediate Response & Sideline Assessment
- Remove athlete from play at first suspicion
- Conduct ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) and cervical spine check
- Use a standardized tool (e.g., SCAT5) to assess symptoms, cognitive function, and balance
- Refer to medical professional if any red flags appear: loss of consciousness, worsening headache, repeated vomiting
Document findings and inform caregivers before proceeding.
Graduated Return-to-Play Protocol
| Phase | Activity | Progression Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Rest | Complete physical and cognitive rest | Symptom resolution (24–48 hours) |
| 2. Light Exercise | Walking, stationary bike | No symptom return within 24 hours |
| 3. Sport-Specific | Running drills, skating | Symptom-free at low intensity |
| 4. Non-Contact Drills | Dribbling, batting practice | Symptom-free at moderate intensity |
| 5. Full-Contact Practice | Team drills, live reps | Clearance from medical professional |
| 6. Return to Competition | Full play | Unrestricted, symptom-free performance |
Advance to the next phase only after 24 symptom-free hours at current level.
Year-Round Brain-Health Strategies
- Enforce proper helmet fit and check equipment regularly
- Educate athletes, coaches, and parents on concussion signs and protocols
- Integrate neck-strengthening exercises to reduce head acceleration
- Promote sleep hygiene, balanced nutrition, and hydration for optimal recovery
- Schedule periodic baseline cognitive testing for accurate post-injury comparison
Monitoring & Documentation
| Metric | Method | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Symptom Score | Daily self-report scale (0–6) | Post-injury until RTP |
| Balance & Coordination | Balance error scoring system (BESS) | Weekly in Phase 2–4 |
| Cognitive Testing | Computerized baseline vs. post-injury | Pre-season & post-injury |
| Neck Strength | Isometric dynamometer | Quarterly |
Maintain detailed logs to guide clinical decisions and protect athlete health.
Key Takeaways
- Early recognition and removal from play are critical to safety.
- Follow a six-step return-to-play protocol, advancing only after 24 symptom-free hours.
- Implement year-round practices—education, neck training, and baseline testing—for prevention.
- Monitor symptoms, balance, and cognition to inform each recovery stage.
- Collaborate with healthcare professionals for clearance and support.
Ready to build a comprehensive concussion management plan and safeguard your athletes?
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